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The current economic performance of many OECD countries is still quite weak, marked by high levels of structural unemployment, high public debt ratios, and burdensome public sector deficits that have only recently shown signs of unwinding. Economic growth in the emerging economies and many developing countries  though slowing somewhat - will continue to outpace that in the OECD area, accelerating the shift in economic activity away from the OECD countries towards non-OECD economies, particularly in Asia and Latin America. At the same time, many emerging and developing economies are exploring new sources of growth in an effort to upgrade their economies, create higher value added sources for growth and job creation, and make their future growth path more inclusive. This day will explore the potential for generating new sources of growth and employment from the perspective of policy makers responsible for industry, innovation and entrepreneurship policies. It will also explore how policy makers can ensure that national growth policies do not come at the cost of growth in other countries, and that they result in global win-win opportunities for OECD, emerging and developing economies. The first two sessions will set the scene for the Forum in exploring the current policy context for new sources of growth. Session 1 will explore the need for new sources of growth and the ways in which policy makers are seeking to meet these demands, in particular in applying knowledge capital to economic development. The second session will explore the role of more targeted policy interventions, and the opportunities and challenges associated with new approaches to structural change that are sometimes characterised as  new industrial policies , going beyond old-style industrial policies characterised by national champions and large subsidies. The discussion in the third session will turn to the respective roles of small, high-growth and large business in growth, their interaction, and how policy can strengthen performance across the business sector. The final session of the first day will turn to a key question in the global debate, namely how to draw greater benefits from the globalisation process, in particular from the involvement of countries in global value chains. Throughout the day, the discussion will focus on lessons learned from practical experience and on the exchange of good practices that can potentially be used by participants in their own national contexts. 8.30-9.00 Registration and refreshments 9.00-9.30 Welcome and Opening Session The opening session will set out the context for discussion at the forum. Andrew Wyckoff, Director, Directorate for Science, Technology and Industry, OECD Minister Ministry of Knowledge Economy, Korea, to be confirmed 9.30-11.00 Session 1: Turning Knowledge into Growth and Employment Both advanced and emerging economies have become progressively more intensive in the use of knowledge-based capital (KBC). In several OECD countries, firms now invest as much in KBC  such as software, databases, R&D, design, marketing, and new forms of organisation  as they do in physical capital such as machinery, equipment and buildings. These investments are increasingly important for business outcomes. For instance, in 2004, in the United Kingdom, around half of export sales from winners of the Queens Award for Exports could be directly attributed to investment in design. Software is now central to success in the automotive sector: new hybrid vehicles require millions of lines of software code. And KBC is increasingly key to generating value in global value chains: they are the assets that make multinational firms competitive. This is why many emerging economies are now also increasing their investments in KBC. For instance, China is investing in IP, acquiring/developing global brands and promoting design, all with a view to moving into higher-value segments of the global economy. Other examples include Thailand s establishment of an IP capitalisation project, Brazilian assets in aero-space, and Indian information technology. However, the global policy agenda has not kept up with the growing importance of these knowledge-based investments. Some assets, such as data, hold the promise for considerable growth, but raise wholly new challenges for policy. Turning investment in KBC into growth and employment requires a supportive policy environment that reflects the specific features of these assets and the growing understanding of how KBC drives productivity and business dynamics. Important areas for policy include tax policy, competition policy, intellectual property rights, enterprise finance (including corporate reporting of business investment in KBC) as well as human capital policy. З№ What is the contribution of KBC to growth and employment creation in OECD and emerging economies? Is this contribution likely to grow further? З№ What policies are particularly important to unlock the promise of KBC for economic growth? How can the returns on these assets be ensured? З№ What has worked, in both OECD and emerging economies? What policies should be discouraged? 11.00-11.30 Refreshment break 11.30-13.00 Session 2: Do we need a New Industrial Policy? In recent years, most economies have become more specialised, as firms have focused on their competitive advantages, sometimes off-shoring certain activities to other countries. This process has sometimes been supported by policy, where governments have sought to improve the structural characteristics of their economies by encouraging the development of new areas of economic activity, and also by helping the transition from declining areas of economic activity to areas of emerging growth. Following the recent economic crisis, debate in several countries has once more focused on the structure of their economies. Some countries with a very strong financial services sector or a large construction sector have been severely affected by the crisis, whereas others with strong and internationalised manufacturing sectors have experienced far more limited impacts. As many emerging and developing economies seek to industrialise and strengthen their manufacturing sector, many advanced economies are also seeking to reinvigorate their manufacturing sector, often with an explicit aim to create new jobs. At the same time, the interaction with theservices sector has grown and manufacturing firms increasingly rely on their services and knowledge-based assets to create value and differentiate their products from those of competitors. З№ What is the contribution of manufacturing to growth in developed, emerging and developing economies? How is this role evolving? What is the role of services? З№ How can governments best encourage structural change in their economies? What policies work in practice? Which should be avoided? 13.00-14.30 Lunch break and networking opportunity 14.30-16.00 Session 3: Big, Small and Innovative Businesses: What Role, what Policy? Large and small firms play different roles in economies. Three different groups of firms can potentially be distinguished. Large firms are often more globalised and have the scale and scope to commercialise new ideas, develop markets and reach across borders. Small and medium-sized firms form the backbone of many economies and account for the bulk of employment. Young innovative firms are typically small, but can grow fast and account for much of the net job creation in OECD economies, also making an important contribution to innovation and productivity growth. A healthy business sector includes a good proportion of all these firms and involves strong interactions between them. For example, small innovative firms are often better in developing new ideas, whereas large firms are often better in commercialising them. In the policy agenda, governments often have a mix of policies, aimed at different categories of firms. For example, many countries have policies to foster more innovative and high-growth firms, e.g. through policies aimed at strengthening equity financing. Many governments are also examining how to strengthen the capabilities of existing SMEs to improve their performance and enhance their contribution to growth and job creation. And large firms are often at the core of government policies, and may benefit most from general framework policies such as R&D support, tax policies, trade policies, etc. There are some signs that this may be changing, however, as some small firms now start as multinationals, enabled by the Internet, with the potential to create a new dynamic in the business sector. З№ What are the main barriers to young high-growth firms? How have these been addressed, and what works in practice? З№ How can the contribution of SMEs to growth and job creation be strengthened? What works in practice? З№ What is the balance in policies between large, small and innovative firms? Should governments have different policies or are framework policies sufficient? How can the interaction between firms be enhanced to strengthen performance? З№ What are the new opportunities linked to small, multinational firms? How can policy account for such firms? 16.00-16.30 Refreshment break 16.30-18.00 Session 4: Making Globalisation Work for All  Drawing Benefits from Global Value Chains Globalisation helps countries specialise in the activities in which they possess a comparative advantage, increases competition on product and labour markets and helps realise economies of scale. While economies benefit on the whole from increased openness, adjustment costs are often incurred, especially in sectors that have not yet been exposed to international competition. Likewise, negative impacts of openness might arise for specific occupations and skills categories in the labour market. In recent years, many economies have become more integrated in global value chains, as interactions between economies have grown. This international fragmentation of production is a powerful source of increased efficiency and firm competitiveness. However, the benefits of globalisation are not always clear, and not all countries find they benefit sufficiently from their involvement in global value chains. Some countries also see globalisation more as a threat than an opportunity. Moreover, when an economy is part of a value chain with complex ownership structures, a disturbance in any particular link can disrupt the entire chain. Many economies currently seek to move  up the value chain, to help create high-wage employment and sustain future productivity and income growth. З№ What does the rise of global value chains imply for policy? З№ How can economies draw greater benefits from global value chains? What role can governments play in this? What is the experience at the national level and what lessons can be learned? 18.00 Close of the first day of the forum, followed by networking cocktail and dinner for speakers and heads of delegations [t.b.c.] DAY 2: TOWARDS GREEN AND INCLUSIVE GROWTH The second day of the Forum will focus on how our future growth path can be made greener and more inclusive, both key challenges in building a more balanced economy. The first plenary session will explore how to combine the need for a greener economy with new business opportunities and the lessons that can be learned by policy makers from experience across the world. This session will also draw on the lessons from previous periods of economic transformation, to understand better what factors and policies can help drive structural change. Investments in research and innovation have led to path-breaking discoveries, technologies, products and services in the past, many of which have helped improve the quality of life. Today, there is growing pressure to meet various challenges of a global and social nature such as food security, scarce clean water and demographic pressure. The second session of the day will therefore focus on the role that technology and innovation can play in improving the quality of lives, including in fostering healthy ageing. Growth often ends up serving the needs of some groups more than others, and may even increase inequalities, both within and across economies. This is, for example, the case when new sources of growth primarily favour the creation of high-skilled jobs. The third session will therefore focus on how the growth-oriented policies explored in previous sessions can lead to job creation and be made more inclusive. Finally, the closing session of the Forum will draw conclusions from the discussion, including on how the lessons learned can be applied in practice and how obstacles to policy change can be overcome. This session will also explore further work that the OECD might usefully undertake to assist policy makers to further strengthen science and innovation policies. 8.30-9.00 Refreshments 9.00-10.30 Session 5: Greening Business  Seizing the Opportunity Green growth remains a key imperative for all governments. While countries need growth to address economic and social challenges, this growth needs to be green in order to avoid increasing systemic risks to future growth. The past decade has seen the start of a green transformation in many developed and emerging economies, facilitated by new technologies and innovations. Moreover, there are opportunities associated with green growth that could be better captured by countries, e.g. the development of new business models or new areas of economic activity. But achieving green growth will require an unprecedented economic transformation, with the need to shift trillions of dollars of investment over the coming decades. Making this shift will require that policy makers seize the opportunities associated with green growth and overcome the obstacles. Drawing on the experience from countries that are already making this transition, as well as the experiences from previous periods of transformation, can help smooth and accelerate the transformation process and ensure that countries seize the business opportunities associated with going  green , including the scope for new business models. This session would look into the practical policy aspects of  how to accelerate the shift to a greener future. З№ What are the opportunities for  green and  growth to go together? How can these be seized? What role can new business models play? How can these be scaled up? З№ What are the obstacles and how can these be overcome? Which countries, regions, firms and organisations lead the way? What can be learned from their experience? З№ What can be learned from previous periods of economic transformation? 10.30-11.00 Refreshment break 11.00-12.30 Session 6: Innovation for Better Lives Investments in research and innovation have led to path-breaking discoveries, technologies, products and services in the past, many of which have helped improve the quality of life. Today, there is growing political pressure to meet various challenges of a global and social nature such as climate change, food security, scarce clean water and demographic pressures. Science, technology and innovation (STI) play a key role in understanding the interaction between the various environmental, technological and social factors that frame global and social challenges; in assessing the associated risks; and in developing effective solutions. Technology and innovation also provide new opportunities, for example in the area of healthy ageing, where advances in science and technology, particularly genomic science, have brought significant opportunities for new innovations in health and biomedicine. Information and communications technology also offers new opportunities, in providing new ways to share, create and diffuse knowledge and innovation, and enabling more people to engage in science and innovation. For example, by 2009, four out of ten Africans had a mobile phone and thus a means to circumvent traditional market bottlenecks. Services that are rapidly scaling up include mobile payments, which reduce transaction costs, and e-agriculture, which enables matching supply and demand. Despite these benefits of investments in technology and innovation, the recent economic crisis has led to a growing focus on short-term benefits, sometimes at the cost of long-term investments. З№ What are the new opportunities to use technology and innovation to improve the quality of life and how can these be seized? What is the experience across countries? What has worked in practice? З№ How can government best strengthen technology and innovation in a context of scarce resources? What policies work in practice? Which should be avoided? 12.30-14.00 Lunch break and networking opportunity 14.00-15.30 Session 7: Where will the New Jobs come from? Turning Growth into Jobs for All Unlocking new sources of growth, including growth based on knowledge-based capital (KBC) or green growth, can provide new opportunities, including through the creation of new jobs. But growth may end up serving the needs of some groups more than others, and may even increase inequalities, both within and across economies. This is, for example, the case when new sources of growth primarily favour the creation of high-skilled jobs. Both within the OECD region and in many emerging and developing economies, inequality has increased in recent years. There are also concerns that some groups of workers may no longer have the opportunities to find suitable employment, as the structure of some economies has changed and certain job categories no longer exist. Several emerging economies, including Brazil, China and India, are emphasising the need for growth to be more inclusive, including by focusing more on the needs of those at the  bottom of the pyramid . In OECD countries as well, there is a growing understanding that a future growth path will need to be more inclusive and better reflect the needs of society. З№ How can governments foster job-rich growth? Are additional policies needed to support job creation for specific groups in society? З№ What good practices are emerging, at the national and regional level, in the business community and among other stakeholders? What can be learned from these experiences? 15.30-16.00 Refreshment break 16.00-17.00 Session 8: Conclusions and  What s Next? This session will draw overall conclusions from the Forum, including particularly promising areas for policy action, and will explore areas where further work needs to be undertaken. 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